The following are the outputs of the captioning taken during an IGF intervention. Although it is largely accurate, in some cases it may be incomplete or inaccurate due to inaudible passages or transcription errors. It is posted as an aid, but should not be treated as an authoritative record.
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Good morning, distinguished guests, participants, session of internet. Today internet plays role in greater role, and governance, national organizations should do something about it.
We in Civil Society advance to improve the situation. Now I would like you to share your experience (audio distorted) get your acquaintances to adjoin you. Excuse me.
I would like to give the floor to (audio distorted) Argentina, Latin America continent. Floor is yours.
>> Thank you so much for inviting me. (audio distorted) (no audio) ‑‑ we're here. It was me, two or three Brazilian people, two Columbians, and it was like, we're here to speak about Global South. Latin Americans here. We don't have one panel. Incorrect to say politically incorrect.
I got drunk to have the courage to speak to the director of the program and I told her, it's ‑‑ we are doing. Thank you so much for inviting me.
If you're going to say in your program you're going to talk or at least Global South, invite people from Latin America, you should have someone from Latin America. Fair enough, we're going to have the panel.
Next week in the program, during the first week, second week, we had a panel from Latin America. Sometimes, especially with the Global South, we have some spaces where we can like go and more included in the Global South let's say. Before, we didn't have the space or we had to took everything that came from the North Global, and now, we can put ourself there and make our voices heard. Like here, we had the space, but they didn't even take account in Latin America. After this happened, I went the IGF in Kyoto and realized after the IGF, now I work in the province of Argentina, Latin America, I also realized there that there were three or four parliamentarians from Latin America.
Then in last year, in Kyoto, I realized that after two years, because I had to go to Ethiopia, nothing happened between then and Kyoto. Nothing at all in the parliamentary. Since I work at the chamber of Argentina, I feel like I should do something.
Like we have this space. There are phones there for people from Latin America and from all around the world. Not only for Latin America, for parliamentarians to come here and no one is doing something about this. I should do something, so I started this network from parliamentarians from Latin America and the Carribean who are working on digital matters.
Basically, what I want to do is have our own agenda what Latin America, Carribean people think, want, and need, because it's different, even though there are a lot of countries in the region, we share some things that are, for all of us in digitalized corruption or poverty, I mean we have so many history and so many things in common, that I saw this as an opportunity for us to raise our voice and to have our voice and our needs in the parliamentary track at the UN in a global forum.
So what I aim to do is when you see this opportunities, don't let them pass. There are a lot of opportunities for us who used to being placed ‑‑ I'm 34, but when I started this, I was 30. I had a baby of six months. So you can do it. You can put yourself over there. You just have to do it. Take the courage, maybe not get drunk, but take the courage to do this because in the way since I started now, I found a lot of people who wanted to help me, who wanted to be with me, who encourage me, who give to me their knowledge, to share with me their contacts. For us, there is an opportunity, but we have to be brave and take the opportunity. If you know any parliamentarian from Latin America, from the Carribean, introduce them to me. Thank you.
(applause)
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: Thank you so much. One of the questions I have for you is that do you work on a bilateral based or within some sort of integrational unities?
>> I work on (speaking away from mic)
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: Do you work on a bilateral basis with the countries of Latin America sur or Carribean sur, or is it within some integrational unities, for example?
>> Yeah. No. The thing in Latin America is that we don't have, it's Latin America in the Carribean. Carribean sometimes more the people because there are, in the island, not that reachable. No, I don't work that institution. Something that I just started by myself.
I just saw the opportunity, it was like I do not need any institutions to do this. Institutions will come to me as they are coming to me because we already have institutions. Don't have one institutions for all Latin America, Carribean. Doesn't fit. Apart from that, we already have a lot of institutions and they're not working and they're not doing this, so why would I go to them to do something they're not doing because they have a lot of bureaucracy too. I can do it by myself and come here and they will come to me.
Actually, right now, they're doing that. For instance, Palesur, parliamentarians from the south or the American south, can you do this, can you share your knowledge? Sometimes you don't have to wait for institution to show up. You don't need institutions. I mean, it's a good thing have, Hi, my name is and I want you to join my network. Good thing, maybe this is Latin America thing, people trust each other.
Because I come from the parliamentary, so I work at the Chamber of Liberties. Even though it's not that I belong there, but it's an institution that can have my background, like back me up. They trusted me and because I was here, I think that's another thing I want to say.
Here, there is a lot of people that come into your network or can join you or can support you, and not even only financially because, for instance, this year, I organized two summits of parliamentarians of Latin American and the Carribean, one in Argentina and the other one in Chile and we didn't get any money at all, but because I knew how the Chamber of Liberties in Latin America work, because you do not need money for parliamentarians to travel regional, only need to send them the invitation, personalized invitation, because they can ask their parliament to fund them.
I know that because I work at the chamber, okay, I want to do this. I ask them, Selene Ball, that is in charge of the parliamentary track, I said, I want to organize these summits for parliamentarians in Latin America, in the Caribbean, about AI, so here are the video for Argentina to join me over there, we're connected together. And she said, sure. Let's do it. What you do you need? I just need the logo of the IGF and parliamentary track. That's it. I need institutional support that we're doing this. She was like, yeah, sure. Let's do it. That was it.
Obviously, I didn't need an institution but having the IGF behind that is a really good thing. So I also encourage you to join or meet people from the secretariat or from the youth or from something here that could be your partner on what you are doing.
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: So thank you so much for such inspiring speech. I think that the majority of youth here can work on some issues and bring us to the better future.
So thank you so much. For you I would like to give the floor to Marko Palosky, IGF Macedonia, steering committee for CIG. Marko, the floor is yours.
>> MARKO PALOSKY: Thank you so much for inviting me here. So yes, I'm here maybe more representative of the Youth Coalition Internet Governance. The topic is still relevant because Youth Commission of Internet Governance in the leadership work from each region, we have one person.
I want to emphasize before I jump into this, it's very interesting because the people, the youth from the Global South are more active or more involved, not just internet governance speak more active rest of the world on the topics presented to IGF, especially the global IGF.
I give a short example what we are doing as a Youth Coalition of Internet Governance. Voluntary initiatve so we are not established somewhere in the world. Our idea is to help the youth to navigate to the internet governance world. Maybe not for that IGF now, we organize onboarding orientation, also a group that we created. Maybe there is some youth who are not here, maybe we can later on discuss about some youth sessions that are there. There are some after the IGF, social gatherings or something like that.
There is a newsletter we are also sending, I think we talk initiatives on a monthly basis. The whole idea is to help the youth, to bring them together. Sometimes when are organizing webinars or something, when we need speakers for specific region, we usually use the mailing list. I did not mention but there is a mailing list. It's open so everyone can join there and share resources, ask questions.
The whole idea is to help the youth navigate to these, how can I say, complex and big internet governance world. Everyone is helpful like previously mentioned. Something needs help, not just the youth, but also the other people help in this world.
I want to a little bit revert to the issue in the beginning that tackled that. What I mentioned before is Youth Coalition of Internet Governance, the board is, every year, changing, so we have now elections in January. And the idea thing that I mentioned is we have a lot of youth that are from Global South, how can I say? Submitting their candidacy. Then from the rest of the world, for example, Europe or, for example, yeah, Europe, because participation is on the lowest I can say. I don't know why. I mean, but I think making sure, and we are always trying to do some, to bring to the IGF some topics that are not covered because usually, as you mentioned, if you saw the agenda, some of the topics are maybe each year a little bit changed or coming to the same, but does the same thing, but other topics are not covered at all with the years.
Mentioned Poland to now to, I think 40 years from Poland. Ethiopia. This is the third year with Poland. Fourth year. But yes, Youth Coalition IGF is here to encourage also the youth. I mean to submit a session, so organizing when the open call for session is open, maybe not on how to submit it because it's not ‑‑ if you are new to IGF or second time maybe, you never submitted a session, it's really hard because it needs to know what to write, how to write and, of course, they are not selecting some, only a certain number.
And usually, we are trying to do those kind of calls and later groups so we can organize between us because there are a lot of people that want to apply. If we have similar idea to apply with two proposals, why not one? There is more chances and especially because some of the sessions request division of participants and maybe you have the topic to discuss don't want Asia or Latin America, but I want to talk about Latin America. I don't know. I have other thing. We use these kind of groups and communications to cooperate between us, then apply for that.
I wanted to say if you see that something is not represented, do something about it like you mentioned. Do not need to be drunk to do it or something like that. You will find some other way, but I would say do something.
You don't see this here session about Latin America, next year, when it's the proposal, apply with some kind of proposal. We're always happy to help. Even if we don't have a plan to have a session on Latin America, if there is someone requesting it and we see that is needed because it's not in the program, then yeah, we're going to help with contacts, maybe with drafting, maybe other point of views.
Youth, sometimes say we are the next generation, but we also talk about, no, we are the present generation. We are using more technology and the issues we are facing, it's more affecting on us than the older generation because everybody is on the phone or tablet, we are learning and everything. If you see something that is not working, let's do something and, yeah, take some action. We are here, Youth Coalition Internet Governance to help. We are not the only one. There is Internet Society standing group, also other initiatives. I think same energy whenever we go with those kind of initiatives.
That will be from my side as an intro.
(Applause)
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: Thank you so much. It came to me that it looks like start of Global Civil Society in this internet governance of the industry sphere. How can we maybe improve other spheres to be as efficient as you work?
I think great example of interaction between people from all over the world and I think that is, in some different spheres, it's not the same. But at everywhere, we need this sort of coordination, this assistance, to be more proactive.
So maybe any advice how to put it like that?
>> MARKO PALOSKY: Other than internet governance? That's a good question. I would say also the spaces because also, when I join related things in internet governance in 2018, the whole space here is very welcomed. Maybe we don't have that much sessions incoming from Macedonia, which is in Eastern Europe and we don't talk about Balkans or recent European issues, that's another topic. Everyone was helpful. You ask, you knew they want to introduce you. There is also, I think the one good side here is also many organizations or institutions trying to get you both here, like giving you the fellowships. There are also schools in internet governance, I don't know, more than 20, which try to involve you and everyone is very welcome.
I know not every other sphere is like this. Sometimes people don't want to help you or they see you as competition. If we want to cooperate and if we want to achieve something, I think the communication is the key part.
Maybe not the same like here, but be open, be transparent, and I don't know, try to help. If helping you to someone else, maybe you don't know or something, both, or the whole initiative is going, so it's not just you helping him and he will know something or he will help you succeed and you don't, or something like that.
Yeah, communication and sharing. I agree that other parts, sectors, it's not like this, but I think we should change that. And maybe one of the things, why it's happening is because this whole internet governance process is based on multistakeholderism and bottom‑up process, so maybe that's if we change a little bit the perspective of how we are seeing the things and how we are approaching them, maybe we can change also how the stakeholders are reacting because if it's top‑down, more easy for me to say, I don't know, not help you, or something like that. I wouldn't say it's different, also not to help you, but I don't know. I think the process and the whole approach how we are giving is playing a key role here.
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: So it all starts with us and we all should efforts to do something. Still, I think that's the atmosphere which we can create will definitely help us in this, in all matters.
>> MARKO PALOSKY: A good example. Some other sectors, of course, I think with time, start will start changing their minds.
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: For sure. For sure. So thank you so much, Marko.
I would like to give the floor to Mariana Lopez. So she's represents youth program from CGI Internet Steering Committee. So Mariana, the floor is yours.
>> MARIANA LOPEZ: My name is Mariana. I'm from Brazil. I'm 29 years old. Nice to talk about my age because kids can encourage other youth, right?
I work with internet as a researcher and a promotor of internet governance between other youths younger than me, and we promote to the digital issues to other Brazilians, national projects.
As a researcher, I'm a master student in law. Focus on discrimination and relation issues, about racial points. I'm working promoting areas about the algorithm discrimination PACTs. Mostly promoting history groups, universities, policy communications focusing on Civil Society and parliamentary issues, and things like that.
In this career, I have the honour of being one of the five facilitators in the youth program of the present Internet Steering Committee.
The main goal of the program is to promoting internet governance in Brazilian youth under 25 years, and empower themselves as leaders in the governance in Brazil and international space.
Each year, the program receives about 300 participants. They are selected to participate in the course. Then 10 of them are selected to go to the Latin America IGF and other 10 selected to go to here to IGF, so we have 10 of them here. And both participants, I mean 20, they are invited and responsible to the Brazilian IGF 2, we call it fifth.
In this year, in session this year, we also managed to bring five to the IGF, like IGF to all the Portuguese speaker communicative, and to event promoted in Sao Paulo IGF in English.
As facilitator, I and my other colleagues help the committee to help select the students. We work as mentors doing all the course and evaluate the participants too. We have workshops to train them about how to contribute during the sections, the Brazilian sections and international section.
We have workshops to help them how to write, how to submit a session to the international IGF youth Coalition. Actually, we have youth in the Youth Coalition too. And through the distribution of the sponsorships, we consider not only their notes, their activities that they have, but diversity too. We analyze the distribution in the Brazilian geography. We have a really large counting to bring here not only representative Brazil, but the diversity of Brazil.
We consider their gender, we consider their race and color and field of activity. I mean, it's important to have not only engineers, but lawyers, and not only lawyers but pedigogal, in English, and other fields. For example, in 2020, we have a group, how can I say it? Psychology? Sorry. I'm asking for help for our Spanish speakers.
I have a psychologist and, nowadays, she's working with tick‑tock. So it's really interesting to see how they use their abilities and go to the internet governance agenda. So that's it.
So that's it. And after select all the 20 students, we prepare them to participate in other events. We encourage them to support and collaboration with the other sections and it's interesting. We encourage to talk about this program. (?)
As Marco told you, we have a lot of people in the south and TikTok events, progress, people. (audio difficulties)
We have a lot of Brazilian people. We want to have more south people from other countries too. That's why we encourage Latin America, Caribbean, in IGF. This program needs to be important to have this kind of input too.
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: Thank you so much.
(Applause)
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: You said your project is some sort of make a good impact on the global south participation in IGF. Maybe you have some partnerships with different, same entities all over the world? Are there any practices like that in your organization?
>> MARIANA LOPEZ: The Brazilian internet community has a kind of chair in the Latin American community in the IGF, so it's a way to have more partnership, traditional partnership, to promote initiative like that. I guess, most important and mostly impactful action is the youth themselves a part of to organize a lot of other events not far away.
As I told you, I know that we have a lot of youth that go, that found a lot of other youth in another country in the middle of the space and they just start talking. And then two months after, they reviewed about other events.
So talking about Latin America, for example, we have the official Latin IGF, but we the youth Latin IGF. This year, the youth IGF that promoted by youth were bigger than the institutional not because we have institutional support. The institutional support was good too, but more because of their own initiatives. (audio distortion)
We help them to put themselves here, to empower them, to show each of them to you, to all the countries here, and then there will part of all the other projects. Smart for that way.
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: Thank you so much. Thank you. I have one question for each of you. I've read in some newspapers and some articles that, today, instead of globalization as a trend, can find localization, so which stands for global localization. What part of you do you personally support? Is it still globalization used to perceive it, or now, it's certainly this localization. What is your point of view on this?
>> MARKO PALOSKY: Good questions. This is my point of view. I think globalization is taking part very much in some places, like you mentioned, the globalization is localization now. There are still certain parts of the world who are not under globalization.
It's a good thing about what we are specifically talking about because I think to some extent, it's good to have some basic level, some globalization, some certainty which is standardized or everywhere the same, but wouldn't go too much to everything being globalized and that become it's now localization or something like that because sometimes, on the local teams or staff, behaviors, things, how they are working, all of those kind of things because of a specific region.
How can I say, it's remarkable for that region or country or what area we are talking about. I would think that sometimes it's maybe too many globalization, but I still come back, depends what we are talking to on the topic because it's some things want to be globalized, or something like that, but some, I would think, we need to be on the local team because not everything global. Maybe rest of the world working, it will be working depends on the region or local country. Maybe sometimes people different. Still, depends on the topic.
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: I see.
>> I want to add to that, yeah, at least what I experienced what I experienced in Latin America and in Argentina, that's why I wanted to have an agenda of Latin America. Since we all have a smart phone, we all have here at the IGF, and globally, in Argentina, 70% of the population, but there is 30% of the population don't have connectivity that are in rural areas. Public difference from the other 70%. This is a reality that is not only in Argentina. It's Latin America and around the world.
Obviously, we are connected. Globalization is something we cannot escape from. At the same time, I think, this is where governmental, I think policies and laws who also should address local issues even though we are talking about here, for instance, in a global level or international level. You always have to take into account from the people from your country and your reality. We have a saying that says don't let the forest for you not to see the tree, something like that translation.
So don't think you are here, like globalization is everything. You have to think all because even here, like for instance, I will give you an example. The other day, we were talking about the AI view, something about that in the EU, in the European Union. We were discussion about Latin America. It was like, yeah, maybe in Europe, the speech or maybe, I don't know, the algorithms, because they're in a different level. I don't mean like in development because I don't want to see it that way, but there are issues that are different from ours.
So maybe in Argentina or Latin American countries, it doesn't many any sense having a bill on AI because if we have more views, if we have more law, even the laws that we have right now in Latin America, they're not being respected.
Usually, people do not respect laws. There is a lot of corruption. Usually something that do not happen, or the amount that happens is not the same in Latin American countries.
In that sense, what I mean in the sense that even though we need to have, and what I propose here is like, minimum standards for everyone when we develop technology or we do this kind of thing, we always have to take into account in the bills that we draft or in the policies that we have our countries, the reality of our countries.
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: Thank you so much.
>> MARIANA LOPEZ: I guess it's a trick question, a hard question. Maybe I have political opinion about that. As I see, the globalization is not global project. Maybe little bit project colonization projects as a general way and I know that Global North is a really huge area. We have a lot of different views of life and problems in the Global North, but nowadays, I guess, the south are looking more about their own problem, as you told us.
So the localization, it's maybe a new strategy to really worry about our problems, but I don't think so that the globalization and localization is like concepts that are opposed. They are parallel phenomenas because we can find we have problem in Latin America, that all the country in the west of the Europe of the, East Europe, maybe it's the same problem, and the globalization maybe more way can have solutions to both regions. So there are complex phenomenons and that's what I see.
At the same time, I see localization phenomena in the north as some political strategies to protect themselves of the south movement to have more independence, more economical, educational, political independence. So maybe it's a political opinion, but it's a complex opinion too, so better to more if someone want to talk, but what that's what I see thinking about the Latin America region.
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: Thank you so much for opinion. Now it's Q&A session. Anyone have any questions to our speakers maybe just to discuss something about the activities for friends for internet. Are there any? Okay, so it's still morning. People are still ‑‑ you have a question. Okay.
>> To our audience to wake up a little bit.
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: That's great.
>> We're going to change this.
The question is from us to you. If you have any initiatives to youth, not only youth in the audience. If you have any initiatives that you want to share with us that we can contribute with you with what we mentioned, or if you want to say or share any initiatives that you have that you can share with us?
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: Are there any? Once again, same question here. Wait a little bit.
>> Thank you. I'm sure I'm audible from here.
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: Wait a little bit.
>> It's not a very specific initiative, but rather a legislative proposal that in some countries where it was developed regarding the rights to internet, which is a very interesting concept if you a little bit deeper into this. Some countries put that into their constitution. Some of them are having valid concerns over the sovereignty of their national security if you will.
So this is also something that perhaps from a legislative perspective, interesting to develop and think, which country is that acceptable? Is it acceptable for everyone? If yes, in which type of concept? Because at the end of the day, digitalization is part of who we are today. So many things from payments to digital everything, it's impossible right now to not have a digital presence.
Just came out, came back from one month in China, you cannot do anything without We Charge, We Pay, Alipay, et cetera. Everything is connected to your digital ID.
And that is a little bit of an interesting situation because if your phone dies, you're no one. You cannot get back to the hotel. You cannot pay. You cannot attempt to take yourself somewhere. You cannot do anything. So people don't prefer cash, so cash is not even a thing. It's a very interesting concept in general on how the right to internet is something to work on.
Of course, it's connected to the digitalization, to the satellites, to how we cover certain regions that they're eventually less developed. We, of course, have Star Link and One World and other companies related to this that we're doing that we share. In another, I would say moment, there are companies, private companies, right? So they have their own interest. And this is a little bit of more of broader topic connected to space laws and what do we do. So many different things. If this is something to be developed generally in many different countries perhaps, I personally am very interested to move forward on some of these type of brainstorming activities. These are my two cents.
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: Thank you so much for this question and proposal. Any comments on this matter?
>> Let's talk later. One of the things you said, EU part of this question, I work at the Congress but also I, when you draft bills, you always have to think on the policy, how it's going to impact, how they're going to implement that and control that.
One thing that you raised, in digital parliament, we vote for the internet to be an official service. It's like who is the one that is bringing the service of the internet?
So it's a private company. So how this is going to work if it's an official service, we need to connect all the countries. We need to have the infrastructure that we do not have and we need money for that.
It's tricky because it's even though access to internet should be a human right obviously, you also need infrastructure money to guarantee that right and should that be public? Yes. Can the public sector do that? I don't know. It has to be the private one.
Like it's super tricky in this thing that public sector doesn't have enough money to build the thing. That's why private companies do it. And also, like you said, as you mentioned they have their own interest. What happened with water, like the service of water or for hygienic, I don't know how to say it English, like when you go to the toilet, the thing, like why the government or politicians are the ones that do it? Because they have interest in people. Because if you have to do that, a private company, probably they won't do it, like I don't know, in the rural areas because it's a lot of cost. It's also communication, so I think it's tricky.
And I would like to discuss more about this thing between private sector and public sector and how we can achieve that goal of having internet as a human right, as a public service, as an essential service, how can we follow exactly the private and public sector?
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: In this case, seems to me we can refer to the notion of ESG and speaking about the private sector in all of these matters. But however, we're still there. Discussion already outside on this workshop room.
We have another question. Yes, please.
>> Can you hear me?
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: Yes. Good morning everyone. I'm kind of late. I don't know if you spoke about it before. I'm going to ask you, okay?
My name is Niva Molina. I'm a facilitator participator in the youth program. I work with Mariana. I wanted to ask you about your opinion regarding the importance of media literacy for children and young people.
Even to boost Youth Internet Governance initiatives in the world, mainly in the Global South, which stakeholder do you think should provide this type of initiative? Thank you. (audio difficulties)
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: Very important here. Maybe try to answer it. Anybody can.
It's a good thing, a good question about media literacy because, I think with the rights especially of social media especially with disinformation and fake news, this is very relevant.
Coming from my country, Macedonia, it's a very big topic especially because of TikTok, short videos, YouTube or whatever, a lot of bait clicks on the videos for news media portals for clicks and advertisement money.
It's a big topic and question should be addressed this, I would say everyone because this needs to be addressed also from the public institutions, maybe the schools.
I'm not saying it should be a separate subject or something like that, but it should be addressed and should be worked on this because how much do you understand, how early do you see and what to believe and not believe.
I have a nephew and he is watching TikTok and told me a lot of things. This is false. This is false. And it's hard for him to prove at that age it's not possible and it's just a video on TikTok and that it's not, how can I say? Many things about this.
I don't say that there is some nice stuff there to watch, but according to the news, also Civil Societies I watch here. There's a lot of trainings or nonformal education or stuff to bring to, how can I say, to the point for the youth to understand, not just the youth, but adult because there are a lot of people that don't know how to fact‑check. Don't check other relevant news. Only what is on one portal or one channel on some of the platforms. But also, I would say the media sometimes.
It's very hard because sometimes the media producing those kind of news they don't want to this way, but to have what we have in our country, now starting to do some of the biggest media newspapers, TV, and all of those kind of things, agreeing on some kind of, not a license but proof that you are relevant media and you have checks or those kind of things.
But still people, I think there's a process still goes to others because we have portals where they don't write out so you can read the whole story. It might be true, it might not, you cannot see who wrote the story and there is nobody on the page to see, to contact, or do anything. It's a news portal but there is no one who you can identify how it's done.
I would say anyone is here, and especially I would say even if old institutions are doing something, which is not true, but if this is happening, also to some extent responsibility to the user because I know we are too much now in technology, but everything becomes everyday job or everyday thing. I mean, we are using social media more than we sleep sometimes. So I would say there is also responsibility to user to seen ways, learn about this. Sometimes they say, I cannot learn this, it's too hard for me, I don't want to, but this is the way how we are going to the future.
More and more, we're going to rely on technology and on internet especially, going to be my responsibility to see how can I better or get the right information. I need to fact‑check what I can do. How can I prepare it? Check the site. Is it relevant or not?
There are now becoming not take stuff, almost stuff how to use the internet. Same like for security. Now you need to know that possibly normal stuff, how to use the internet. Same for security. You need to know you must be long, must be hard to guess, using two‑way authentication. Nobody wanted this. It's overloading. How it goes with security because there are a lot of problems. I think it's going to be the same with those kind of news. Until we find the solution, how can we mitigate those kind of disinformation, misinformation, fake news, however.
That's enough for me.
>> Thank you. I would like to add something actually about your last point. You told us about the user and the final question was about the childhood and all. It's interesting to think about them because, for example, they are not here. Actually, we saw some teenagers from Hong Kong that are here, maybe three or four. I don't know. And when we talk about everyone, we think about everyone, but we mostly don't think about them.
I mean, everyone who? Everyone who is up to 18 years old, but it's teenagers. They have strong opinions about their rights so it's part them, to have them, listen to them about how to address, all of them. They are youth too. So we use it to talk about the youth, but we use it to don't think about them and don't include them.
More than that, we need to be kind of take care when we think about the responsibility, the users. I mean technology changes a lot in a quicker way. We don't have our chair in the companies to choose what we will have, what kind of company we have. Use it to talk, algorithm came up, it's hard, it's usable. I don't think it's fair to share they're responsible when they don't have the right to choose what we are using. Just to add something.
More than that, we are talking about child too and teenagers. They have their rights to their opinion here, but they are still vulnerable in most of the countries, most of the nations, so it's tricky to talk about they're responsible. Just to add to some of the comments.
>> I also want to add something that kind of the same thing. Responsibility of users. I have a four‑year‑old kid. I try every day because I'm in internet governance forum, not only think every time we work, I was like, Oh, Felix, that's his name, there is a camera. So he's super aware of security, of why the people are watching us. He's like, why is this camera pointing at me and filming me if not a bad person? He's really aware of everything.
I think one thing had happened, in this case, it's a perfect example, parents are not aware of how to be responsible users, so they cannot share that information with their kids. Therefore, their kids do not know how to use internet. That's because parents don't know how to use internet.
I think would be like the first thing. That could be governmental policy to first teach parents how to use internet because even parenting, people, I have friends who are all over internet, all over Instagram, sharing their pictures with everybody, please do not do that! Please do not do that! And now, with deep fakes and all of that, it's getting worse, but parents do not realize that.
Even at school ‑‑ sorry. Unicef. It's one stakeholder that you can use. The embassy of the United States, they give a lot of money for these kind of programs. If you want more, I can share with you and other stakeholders.
>> DAVID OKPATUMA: Thank so much for the discussion. Thank you.